SWOT with Narayankar

Angiosperms and gymnosperms are two major groups of seed-producing plants. 1. **Angiosperms (Flowering Plants):**    - **Seeds:** Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.    - **Reproduction:** Reproduction often involves flowers, where pollination leads to the formation of seeds within the ovary.    - **Examples:** Examples include most familiar plants like roses, sunflowers, and fruit-bearing trees. 2. **Gymnosperms (Non-Flowering Plants):**    - **Seeds:** Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed within a fruit; they are exposed on the surface of cone scales.    - **Reproduction:** Reproduction typically occurs through the production of cones. Pollen from male cones fertilizes the seeds in female cones.    - **Examples:** Common gymnosperms include conifers like pine trees, spruces, and firs. In summary, the main distinction lies in how seeds are protected and where the reproductive structures are located – within fruits for angiosperms and on cone scales for gymnos

"Spermatophyta" and "phanerogams" are older terms that have been largely replaced by more modern classifications: 1. **Spermatophyta:**    - This term is an older way to refer to seed-producing plants. It includes gymnosperms (like conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants).    - "Sperma" means seed, and "phyta" means plant. So, spermatophyta are plants that produce seeds. 2. **Phanerogams:**    - Similarly, this is an older term for seed-bearing plants, specifically those that produce seeds visible to the naked eye.    - "Phaner" means visible, and "gamos" means marriage or reproduction. So, phanerogams are plants with visible reproductive structures, which are seeds. In essence, both terms were used to describe groups of plants that produce seeds, with "spermatophyta" focusing on the seed aspect and "phanerogams" emphasizing the visibility of their reproductive structures.

Mammalia is a class of animals in the animal kingdom, characterized by certain common features. Mammals are vertebrates, meaning they have a backbone, and they belong to the subphylum Vertebrata within the phylum Chordata. Here are some key characteristics that define the class Mammalia: 1. **Hair or Fur:** Mammals typically have hair or fur covering their bodies at some stage in their life. This feature helps in regulating body temperature. 2. **Mammary Glands:** Female mammals have mammary glands that produce milk to nourish their young. This is a distinguishing feature of the class. 3. **Warm-Blooded (Endothermic):** Mammals are warm-blooded animals, meaning they can regulate their body temperature internally. This allows them to maintain a relatively constant temperature, independent of the external environment. 4. **Live Birth:** Most mammals give birth to live young, although there are exceptions such as monotremes (platypus and echidna) which lay eggs. 5. **Vertebrates:** Mammal

Cryptograms and Phanerograms are terms used in botany to describe certain plant characteristics. 1. **Cryptograms:**    - **Definition:** Cryptograms refer to plants that reproduce using spores instead of seeds.    - **Characteristics:** These plants, such as ferns and mosses, don't produce flowers or seeds. Instead, they release spores, which are tiny reproductive cells, to grow into new plants.    - **Example:** Ferns are a common example of cryptograms. 2. **Phanerograms:**    - **Definition:** Phanerograms are plants that reproduce through seeds.    - **Characteristics:** Unlike cryptograms, these plants produce flowers and seeds for reproduction. Seeds are usually enclosed in fruits.    - **Example:** Most of the familiar plants, like flowering plants, trees, and grasses, are phanerograms. In essence, the main difference lies in their reproductive strategies – cryptograms use spores, while phanerograms use seeds.

Order Carnivora is a diverse group of mammals that includes carnivorous species. Members of this order are characterized by certain dental and cranial features adapted for a carnivorous diet. Carnivores can be found in a variety of environments, and they exhibit a wide range of body sizes and behaviors. The order Carnivora includes several families, each with its own unique characteristics. Some of the major families within Carnivora include: 1. **Canidae (Dogs, Wolves, Foxes):** This family includes domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, and other similar species. Canids are known for their social behavior and adaptations for hunting. 2. **Felidae (Cats):** This family includes domestic cats, lions, tigers, cheetahs, and other feline species. Felids are characterized by retractable claws and a carnivorous diet. 3. **Ursidae (Bears):** This family includes bears, which are generally large and powerful omnivores, although some species have a more carnivorous diet. 4. **Mustelidae (Weasels, Badge

Order Primates is a biological order that includes lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans. It is one of the major orders of mammals and is characterized by a well-developed brain, forward-facing eyes, and grasping hands. The order is further divided into two suborders: Strepsirrhini (lemurs and lorises) and Haplorhini (tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans). Lemurs: Tarsier (Nidhi) The classification of primates is hierarchical and includes various families, genera, and species within each suborder. Here is a general breakdown of the order Primates: **Suborder Strepsirrhini:** 1. Infraorder Lemuriformes: Includes lemurs. 2. Infraorder Lorisiformes: Includes lorises and galagos (bushbabies). **Suborder Haplorhini:** 1. Infraorder Tarsiiformes: Includes tarsiers. 2. Infraorder Simiiformes: Divided into two parvorders:    - Parvorder Platyrrhini: New World monkeys (e.g., capuchins, howler monkeys).    - Parvorder Catarrhini: Old World mon