Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell divides its cytoplasm and other organelles following the completion of mitosis or meiosis, resulting in two daughter cells. It is the final step in cell division and ensures that each daughter cell has a complete set of organelles and structures necessary for its function.

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Structure of myosin & actin filaments.

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i. Myosin filament: a. Each myosin filament is a polymerized protein. Many meromyosins (monomeric proteins) i constitute one thick filament. b. Myosin molecule consists of two heavy chains (heavy meromyosin / HMM) coiled around each other forming a double helix. One end of each of these chains is projected outwardly is known as cross bridge . This end folds to form a globular protein mass called myosin head . c. Two light chains are associated with each head forming 4 light chains/light meromyosin / LMM. d. Myosin head has a special ATPase activity . It can split ATP to produce energy. e. Myosin contributes 55% of muscle proteins. f. In sarcomere, myosin tails are arranged to point towards the centre of the sarcomere and the heads point to the sides of the myofilament band. ii. Actin filament : It is a complex type of contractile protein. It is made up of three components: a. F actin : It forms the backbone of actin filament. F actin is made up of two helica
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Table of content:  1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Humans 4.  Gods Plant Plants   are the   eukaryotes   that form the   kingdom   Plantae ; they are predominantly   photosynthetic . This means that they obtain their energy from   sunlight , using   chloroplasts   derived from   endosymbiosis   with   cyanobacteria   to produce   sugars   from   carbon dioxide   and water, using the green pigment   chlorophyll . Exceptions are   parasitic plants   that have lost the genes for chlorophyll and photosynthesis, and obtain their energy from other plants or fungi. Animal Historically, as in  Aristotle's biology , the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not  animals , and included  algae  and  fungi . Definitions have narrowed since then; current definitions exclude the fungi and some of the algae. By the definition used in this article, plants form the  clade   Viridiplantae  (green plants), which consists of the  green algae  and the  embryophytes  or land plants ( hornworts ,
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